Triple-I Insurance Facts

U.S. Insurance Industry, All Sectors

Employment and Other Economic Contributions

Insurance Carriers And Related Activities Employment By State, 2022 (1)

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State	Number of employees	State	Number of employees
Alabama	35,570	Montana	7,520
Alaska	1,953	Nebraska	28,145
Arizona	73,616	Nevada	20,175
Arkansas	19,584	New Hampshire	13,479
California	242,214	New Jersey	87,774
Colorado	51,275	New Mexico	11,851
Connecticut	59,402	New York	161,438
Delaware	7,057	North Carolina	85,927
D.C.	3,804	North Dakota	7,706
Florida	232,429	Ohio	128,500
Georgia	109,348	Oklahoma	24,692
Hawaii	7,403	Oregon	27,938
Idaho	13,853	Pennsylvania	139,442
Illinois	138,230	Rhode Island	11,642
Indiana	57,497	South Carolina	40,154
Iowa	52,254	South Dakota	8,505
Kansas	30,367	Tennessee	60,516
Kentucky	37,305	Texas	279,717
Louisiana	29,011	Utah	25,631
Maine	12,403	Vermont	4,206
Maryland	37,042	Virginia	64,293
Massachusetts	74,102	Washington	47,285
Michigan	73,388	West Virginia	9,731
Minnesota	66,573	Wisconsin	76,198
Mississippi	14,100	Wyoming	2,840
Missouri	64,915	United States	2,920,000

(1) Total full-time and part-time employment. Note: Does not match data shown elsewhere due to the use of different surveys. Data as of September 2023. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of Economic Analysis, Regional Economic Information System.

Companies by State

Domestic Insurance Companies By State, Property/Casualty And Life/Annuities, 2022

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State	Property/casualty	Life/annuities	State	Property/casualty	Life/annuities
Alabama	19	8	Montana	14	2
Alaska	4	0	Nebraska	51	32
Arizona	53	30	Nevada	11	0
Arkansas	13	17	New Hampshire	47	0
California	90	16	New Jersey	64	3
Colorado	10	15	New Mexico	20	0
Connecticut	64	26	New York	165	78
Delaware	102	26	North Carolina	55	11
D.C	5	0	North Dakota	14	3
Florida	110	10	Ohio	148	40
Georgia	22	14	Oklahoma	36	23
Hawaii	15	4	Oregon	16	2
Idaho	10	1	Pennsylvania	140	20
Illinois	197	49	Rhode Island	20	1
Indiana	58	24	South Carolina	20	6
Iowa	73	34	South Dakota	16	2
Kansas	21	11	Tennessee	29	16
Kentucky	9	8	Texas	212	124
Louisiana	33	27	Utah	12	16
Maine	11	3	Vermont	11	1
Maryland	19	4	Virginia	19	2
Massachusetts	47	16	Washington	5	5
Michigan	64	20	West Virginia	22	1
Minnesota	39	8	Wisconsin	153	18
Mississippi	17	12	Wyoming	2	0
Missouri	49	28	United States (1)	2,456	817

(1) Excludes territories. Excludes health insurers, risk retention groups, fraternals, title and other insurers. Source: 2022 Insurance Department Resources Report, published by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC). Reprinted with permission. Further reprint or redistribution strictly prohibited without written permission of NAIC.

Premium Taxes by State

Premium Taxes By State, Property/Casualty, Life/Annuity and Health Insurers, 2023 (1)

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($000)

State	Amount	State	Amount
Alabama	$563,244	Montana	$163,891
Alaska	63,446	Nebraska	87,723
Arizona	811,228	Nevada	546,898
Arkansas	374,949	New Hampshire	154,258
California	3,690,456	New Jersey	723,894
Colorado	533,490	New Mexico	388,600
Connecticut	254,304	New York	2,456,791
Delaware	145,896	North Carolina	1,169,639
D.C.	161,039	North Dakota	80,032
Florida	1,993,432	Ohio	767,006
Georgia	527,642	Oklahoma	333,261
Hawaii	210,527	Oregon	80,039
Idaho	139,362	Pennsylvania	939,974
Illinois	547,184	Rhode Island	154,474
Indiana	268,114	South Carolina	337,845
Iowa	173,028	South Dakota	105,088
Kansas	503,133	Tennessee	1,274,120
Kentucky	212,229	Texas	4,064,627
Louisiana	1,229,146	Utah	202,989
Maine	133,032	Vermont	72,313
Maryland	856,566	Virginia	733,514
Massachusetts	613,510	Washington	847,086
Michigan	471,261	West Virginia	187,006
Minnesota	752,517	Wisconsin	251,916
Mississippi	436,639	Wyoming	33,024
Missouri	516,480	United States	$32,337,862

(1) Includes other insurance companies. Data are for each state's fiscal year. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Bureau of the Census.

Life/Annuity Financial Data

Premiums by Line

Life/Annuity Insurers Direct Premiums Written And Annuity Considerations By State, 2023 (1)

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($ millions)

State	Life insurance	Annuities	Accident and Health insurance (2)	Deposit-type contract funds	Other considerations	Total
Alabama	$2,629	$5,042	$2,534	$271	$434	$10,910
Alaska	636	521	310	30	266	1,763
Arizona	3,225	11,202	4,502	454	1,491	20,874
Arkansas	1,313	2,388	1,243	121	234	5,300
California	21,112	43,231	16,369	2,776	7,959	91,446
Colorado	3,319	6,713	4,801	10,202	1,215	26,250
Connecticut	2,686	7,889	4,408	10,321	1,478	26,782
Delaware	1,756	4,649	958	66,597	698	74,658
D.C.	469	815	1,108	818	266	3,475
Florida	12,604	35,530	17,361	1,518	2,280	69,292
Georgia	5,980	10,125	8,305	2,211	1,449	28,070
Hawaii	954	2,231	813	66	276	4,340
Idaho	794	1,797	714	100	291	3,696
Illinois	7,802	15,889	9,112	8,763	2,659	44,225
Indiana	3,547	8,513	4,585	2,939	791	20,375
Iowa	2,112	4,829	1,609	6,445	3,833	18,828
Kansas	1,592	3,672	4,096	1,290	278	10,927
Kentucky	1,899	4,497	1,994	368	579	9,337
Louisiana	2,696	5,931	2,707	280	735	12,350
Maine	516	1,896	1,162	60	160	3,795
Maryland	3,483	7,554	4,555	844	1,190	17,627
Massachusetts	4,338	10,945	5,563	1,085	4,032	25,963
Michigan	6,480	18,754	4,366	1,259	1,256	32,115
Minnesota	5,324	8,246	2,577	924	1,723	18,794
Mississippi	1,468	2,440	1,919	87	197	6,112
Missouri	3,296	8,517	4,900	1,707	845	19,265
Montana	475	857	513	63	165	2,073
Nebraska	1,253	2,471	1,709	437	454	6,323
Nevada	1,644	3,079	1,802	241	388	7,155
New Hampshire	727	2,930	1,043	107	316	5,123
New Jersey	7,647	19,992	10,338	1,172	1,810	40,960
New Mexico	778	1,476	776	129	251	3,410
New York	13,609	27,806	15,536	102,824	4,527	164,302
North Carolina	5,831	13,585	7,338	701	906	28,362
North Dakota	566	1,433	378	249	214	2,840
Ohio	6,412	18,916	8,305	36,770	1,311	71,714
Oklahoma	1,672	2,841	1,748	242	473	6,976
Oregon	1,492	3,760	2,213	241	1,140	8,846
Pennsylvania	7,487	23,995	10,242	2,145	1,730	45,599
Rhode Island	536	2,111	556	119	103	3,426
South Carolina	2,827	7,047	3,302	265	402	13,842
South Dakota	1,942	1,079	501	154	496	4,171
Tennessee	3,982	8,385	5,197	885	1,399	19,848
Texas	15,448	28,799	20,185	3,339	2,638	70,409
Utah	1,747	3,945	1,839	1,582	1,111	10,223
Vermont	266	1,027	380	76	152	1,901
Virginia	4,856	9,792	6,183	763	943	22,537
Washington	3,420	7,516	3,692	444	1,424	16,496
West Virginia	725	2,102	925	104	136	3,992
Wisconsin	3,208	8,424	4,484	4,643	941	21,699
Wyoming	379	567	435	24	64	1,468
United States	$190,960	$437,752	$222,190	$279,254	$60,109	$1,190,265

(1) Direct premiums written before reinsurance transactions. Excludes territories, state funds, dividends and other nonstate specific data. (2) Excludes accident and health premiums reported on property/casualty and health annual statements. Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Property/Casualty Financial Data

Premiums by State

Direct Premiums Written, P/C Insurance By State, 2023 (1)

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($000)

State	Total, all lines	State	Total, all lines
Alabama	$13,146,853	Montana	$3,807,820
Alaska	1,994,750	Nebraska	7,573,101
Arizona	17,959,495	Nevada	8,561,822
Arkansas	7,931,849	New Hampshire	3,342,091
California	111,243,502	New Jersey	29,106,640
Colorado	20,582,327	New Mexico	5,038,116
Connecticut	11,508,412	New York	61,861,773
D.C.	2,699,081	North Carolina	24,036,512
Delaware	3,842,583	North Dakota	3,826,625
Florida	88,067,510	Ohio	23,397,453
Georgia	32,039,933	Oklahoma	11,325,023
Hawaii	3,490,752	Oregon	10,510,197
Idaho	4,757,044	Pennsylvania	32,532,786
Illinois	35,938,656	Rhode Island	3,361,749
Indiana	16,321,562	South Carolina	15,078,257
Iowa	9,843,752	South Dakota	3,970,217
Kansas	9,565,831	Tennessee	17,442,243
Kentucky	10,147,626	Texas	92,331,270
Louisiana	16,226,096	Utah	8,100,467
Maine	3,316,037	Vermont	1,640,326
Maryland	16,186,978	Virginia	20,316,519
Massachusetts	21,453,245	Washington	18,109,893
Michigan	24,427,664	West Virginia	3,643,445
Minnesota	17,081,121	Wisconsin	14,623,479
Mississippi	7,505,441	Wyoming	1,820,520
Missouri	17,261,874	United States	$949,898,320

(1) Before reinsurance transactions, includes state funds, excludes territories. (2) Data for the total United States may differ from similar data shown elsewhere due to the use of different exhibits from S&P Global Market Intelligence. Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Incurred Losses by State

Incurred Losses By State, Property/Casualty Insurance, 2023 (1)

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($000)

State	Incurred losses	State	Incurred losses
Alabama	$7,932,869	Montana	$2,025,856
Alaska	1,025,399	Nebraska	5,372,466
Arizona	10,981,256	Nevada	5,924,381
Arkansas	6,423,348	New Hampshire	1,718,741
California	72,025,659	New Jersey	17,965,451
Colorado	15,238,969	New Mexico	3,454,938
Connecticut	7,005,190	New York	38,805,160
D.C.	1,116,105	North Carolina	13,744,918
Delaware	2,381,057	North Dakota	2,128,868
Florida	47,129,738	Ohio	14,596,857
Georgia	22,801,322	Oklahoma	8,366,866
Hawaii	4,669,909	Oregon	6,029,034
Idaho	2,948,163	Pennsylvania	19,228,027
Illinois	23,963,149	Rhode Island	2,033,900
Indiana	9,851,610	South Carolina	8,824,621
Iowa	6,968,028	South Dakota	2,492,708
Kansas	7,183,002	Tennessee	11,615,138
Kentucky	7,736,442	Texas	60,506,220
Louisiana	8,839,163	Utah	4,488,497
Maine	1,823,550	Vermont	969,148
Maryland	9,560,307	Virginia	10,576,704
Massachusetts	11,387,348	Washington	12,441,549
Michigan	15,492,036	West Virginia	2,082,174
Minnesota	12,537,510	Wisconsin	8,513,219
Mississippi	5,153,294	Wyoming	932,659
Missouri	11,481,010	United States	$598,493,532

(1) Losses occurring within a fixed period whether or not adjusted or paid during the same period, on a direct basis before reinsurance. Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Property/Casualty Insurance By Line

Premiums

Direct Premiums Written, Property/Casualty Insurance, By State By Line, 2023 (1)

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($000)

	Private passenger auto		Commercial auto
State	Liability	Coll./Comp.	Liability	Coll./Comp.	Homeowners multiple peril	Farmowners multi peril	Commercial multi peril
Alabama	$2,406,160	$2,192,586	$681,835	$241,657	$2,601,843	$99,440	$929,329
Alaska	324,335	272,407	80,343	27,693	220,233	899	118,917
Arizona	4,421,746	3,214,771	912,184	298,423	2,819,499	22,533	938,793
Arkansas	1,337,320	1,330,651	413,817	172,811	1,395,226	103,131	508,266
California	19,079,638	17,414,501	6,038,441	1,384,322	13,728,927	229,736	7,032,588
Colorado	3,659,914	3,252,655	816,734	297,096	4,581,698	124,939	1,318,359
Connecticut	2,181,432	1,419,877	511,804	133,714	2,051,080	9,009	874,562
Delaware	742,518	394,362	167,987	38,951	420,847	9,802	360,810
D.C.	228,804	204,061	51,703	11,565	221,360	0	226,418
Florida	21,148,245	9,289,156	5,077,570	739,336	17,283,009	28,009	3,926,341
Georgia	8,646,569	4,398,085	1,939,266	463,224	5,095,636	172,853	1,661,648
Hawaii	459,195	425,929	106,297	33,069	499,622	0	267,098
Idaho	802,994	707,395	230,075	113,312	696,978	88,579	351,739
Illinois	5,130,942	4,766,775	1,944,149	692,899	5,517,921	251,116	2,440,110
Indiana	2,596,176	2,407,951	853,974	374,686	2,804,177	238,598	1,194,084
Iowa	1,035,521	1,344,156	387,001	266,152	1,267,046	302,693	651,166
Kansas	1,207,393	1,264,403	337,665	190,140	1,665,697	314,268	572,221
Kentucky	2,247,561	1,499,847	494,520	178,119	1,669,247	202,800	739,118
Louisiana	3,242,796	2,237,185	959,137	175,210	2,888,354	17,008	816,553
Maine	478,747	507,400	145,607	76,257	603,665	7,411	351,995
Maryland	3,749,775	2,732,073	757,638	233,282	2,795,170	37,762	887,818
Massachusetts	3,420,126	3,045,333	916,355	346,344	3,478,968	5,401	1,854,828
Michigan	5,340,744	4,780,797	996,040	488,832	3,796,292	169,934	1,550,443
Minnesota	2,369,753	2,559,350	588,746	334,927	3,385,649	195,484	1,079,654
Mississippi	1,292,495	1,200,486	430,578	149,111	1,486,059	45,123	510,268
Missouri	2,845,687	2,639,116	744,290	336,742	3,027,529	241,252	1,175,200
Montana	477,832	561,957	167,180	101,810	601,171	111,461	292,362
Nebraska	834,537	880,375	257,184	175,186	1,225,408	363,155	463,276
Nevada	2,493,304	1,060,333	556,280	90,009	928,923	9,162	518,418
New Hampshire	521,674	577,949	146,432	62,355	583,913	3,830	350,476
New Jersey	6,260,513	3,322,772	2,086,883	352,840	3,704,874	4,436	2,061,707
New Mexico	1,082,577	823,238	287,743	83,525	833,118	32,897	331,102
New York	10,773,482	6,384,039	3,284,658	537,354	7,595,348	58,792	5,380,070
North Carolina	4,059,964	4,427,188	1,177,152	432,760	4,271,535	77,358	1,480,381
North Dakota	248,507	366,573	117,137	97,866	311,198	163,736	205,986
Ohio	4,209,036	4,117,370	1,232,384	502,066	4,101,101	217,598	1,788,555
Oklahoma	1,808,805	1,761,994	530,239	224,312	2,399,783	223,117	795,450
Oregon	2,407,477	1,479,046	495,327	161,689	1,404,023	101,599	742,441
Pennsylvania	5,300,619	5,549,252	1,541,771	631,263	4,669,184	131,429	2,453,166
Rhode Island	707,755	419,736	131,020	41,395	611,663	558	255,128
South Carolina	3,788,510	2,188,104	682,995	198,262	2,766,131	23,916	858,520
South Dakota	308,408	486,996	113,366	101,184	438,958	184,038	233,916
Tennessee	3,023,175	2,922,142	796,220	367,777	3,117,084	197,207	1,174,982
Texas	17,476,787	14,499,749	5,785,010	1,462,020	16,100,322	512,646	4,915,550
Utah	1,938,902	1,175,440	434,751	146,392	1,032,286	22,775	461,228
Vermont	191,985	261,951	64,166	36,873	271,461	18,544	182,553
Virginia	4,299,130	3,444,767	859,609	312,893	3,567,528	100,519	1,191,989
Washington	3,901,003	2,596,961	872,802	282,483	2,814,177	102,395	1,272,844
West Virginia	716,407	757,911	162,002	67,914	563,018	20,747	271,511
Wisconsin	1,977,453	2,155,521	613,999	396,211	2,091,920	244,218	1,027,496
Wyoming	210,907	333,706	83,307	56,360	341,964	40,323	151,221
United States	$179,415,337	$138,056,376	$49,063,373	$14,720,676	$152,347,825	$5,884,236	$61,198,658

(1) Includes some state funds. Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Direct Premiums Written, Property/Casualty Insurance, By State By Line, 2023 (1) (Cont’d)

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($000)

State	Workers compensation	Excess workers compensation	Medical professional liability	Product liability	Other liability	Fire	Allied lines
Alabama	$438,656	$20,962	$175,346	$53,021	$1,178,279	$438,507	$438,801
Alaska	187,271	3,693	26,267	7,724	222,415	86,830	43,573
Arizona	893,314	15,565	256,572	87,376	1,851,390	329,663	287,491
Arkansas	274,357	9,284	89,390	28,177	753,706	280,922	230,490
California	11,885,413	237,993	1,032,709	696,010	15,157,511	3,317,362	1,811,213
Colorado	1,049,338	19,382	186,129	101,146	2,345,998	423,694	454,860
Connecticut	746,591	21,812	246,657	70,789	1,658,038	243,495	227,214
Delaware	181,549	1,877	47,381	20,006	811,486	62,092	47,619
D.C.	162,797	6,591	27,972	9,486	730,612	86,454	60,277
Florida	3,429,233	72,840	943,001	360,260	7,798,594	2,854,032	6,838,841
Georgia	1,835,843	44,518	437,715	152,759	3,179,248	736,554	601,362
Hawaii	347,442	10,145	40,665	12,970	466,115	199,101	214,941
Idaho	526,362	2,297	45,131	24,632	414,544	100,835	78,509
Illinois	2,526,954	58,675	583,058	246,746	5,705,586	923,400	620,400
Indiana	855,843	15,461	176,753	130,403	1,540,758	511,716	336,636
Iowa	696,186	7,270	83,859	59,561	986,221	294,103	253,421
Kansas	436,080	9,635	101,472	46,566	741,827	207,451	279,636
Kentucky	579,556	12,390	144,047	40,439	781,891	250,696	197,919
Louisiana	885,543	53,045	117,169	62,727	1,474,605	676,549	804,453
Maine	290,366	3,770	59,590	15,357	286,370	86,793	68,393
Maryland	933,183	12,345	328,513	55,881	1,675,669	299,394	250,176
Massachusetts	1,399,938	27,885	383,139	147,407	3,336,071	597,952	498,628
Michigan	1,083,434	27,619	254,222	137,479	2,153,764	532,674	332,891
Minnesota	1,033,809	1,602	105,847	127,805	1,851,553	450,788	536,024
Mississippi	354,101	12,240	65,923	26,283	518,251	258,733	276,953
Missouri	1,083,313	36,947	225,554	80,618	1,785,540	441,266	416,558
Montana	309,893	5,332	42,127	17,321	328,613	74,556	69,647
Nebraska	401,126	5,290	65,556	32,711	557,799	185,691	164,062
Nevada	482,930	21,778	106,628	45,506	989,518	202,723	145,290
New Hampshire	232,728	7,174	54,289	17,564	335,289	65,106	52,516
New Jersey	2,644,095	42,343	548,061	237,883	4,038,270	661,189	549,148
New Mexico	303,499	6,172	83,876	18,303	413,367	91,568	82,136
New York	3,500,795	60,760	1,761,759	315,870	13,299,026	1,611,912	1,304,530
North Carolina	1,521,494	28,728	205,544	145,524	2,359,755	561,377	612,309
North Dakota	6,271	8	10,984	19,689	276,774	73,464	65,741
Ohio	21,990	78,435	273,445	160,706	2,700,586	684,819	480,225
Oklahoma	648,410	13,023	119,652	47,568	915,095	321,719	363,030
Oregon	804,368	9,902	120,177	74,116	1,040,587	248,934	152,437
Pennsylvania	2,555,792	39,274	840,749	165,170	4,444,598	779,234	589,647
Rhode Island	234,296	2,452	36,311	13,732	398,338	74,338	81,146
South Carolina	879,416	11,843	97,300	78,226	1,073,048	602,812	403,066
South Dakota	194,709	2,036	20,060	19,311	215,463	86,918	74,130
Tennessee	837,514	18,323	272,692	98,338	1,817,082	528,977	423,620
Texas	2,688,752	28,222	551,510	472,536	10,288,004	3,752,100	3,364,045
Utah	519,543	4,762	87,835	68,127	957,998	171,138	109,482
Vermont	185,838	2,165	20,117	8,967	175,918	39,789	26,687
Virginia	1,000,235	25,219	242,526	73,348	2,364,895	416,288	354,164
Washington	28,403	34,803	241,202	108,105	2,245,969	483,499	309,152
West Virginia	260,478	6,060	75,435	11,030	288,758	91,782	61,667
Wisconsin	1,964,514	10,617	96,082	124,233	1,593,357	400,527	303,086
Wyoming	6,558	-203	24,142	7,458	198,726	42,886	41,246
United States	$56,350,118	$1,210,364	$12,182,140	$5,182,970	$112,722,879	$26,944,401	$26,389,488

(1) Includes some state funds. Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Direct Premiums Written, Property/Casualty Insurance, By State By Line, 2023 (1) (Cont’d)

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($000)

State	Inland marine	Ocean marine	Surety	Fidelity	Burglary and theft	Boiler and machinery	Financial guaranty
Alabama	$2,406,160	$2,192,586	$681,835	$241,657	$2,601,843	$99,440	$929,329
Alaska	324,335	272,407	80,343	27,693	220,233	899	118,917
Arizona	4,421,746	3,214,771	912,184	298,423	2,819,499	22,533	938,793
Arkansas	1,337,320	1,330,651	413,817	172,811	1,395,226	103,131	508,266
California	19,079,638	17,414,501	6,038,441	1,384,322	13,728,927	229,736	7,032,588
Colorado	3,659,914	3,252,655	816,734	297,096	4,581,698	124,939	1,318,359
Connecticut	2,181,432	1,419,877	511,804	133,714	2,051,080	9,009	874,562
Delaware	742,518	394,362	167,987	38,951	420,847	9,802	360,810
D.C.	228,804	204,061	51,703	11,565	221,360	0	226,418
Florida	21,148,245	9,289,156	5,077,570	739,336	17,283,009	28,009	3,926,341
Georgia	8,646,569	4,398,085	1,939,266	463,224	5,095,636	172,853	1,661,648
Hawaii	459,195	425,929	106,297	33,069	499,622	0	267,098
Idaho	802,994	707,395	230,075	113,312	696,978	88,579	351,739
Illinois	5,130,942	4,766,775	1,944,149	692,899	5,517,921	251,116	2,440,110
Indiana	2,596,176	2,407,951	853,974	374,686	2,804,177	238,598	1,194,084
Iowa	1,035,521	1,344,156	387,001	266,152	1,267,046	302,693	651,166
Kansas	1,207,393	1,264,403	337,665	190,140	1,665,697	314,268	572,221
Kentucky	2,247,561	1,499,847	494,520	178,119	1,669,247	202,800	739,118
Louisiana	3,242,796	2,237,185	959,137	175,210	2,888,354	17,008	816,553
Maine	478,747	507,400	145,607	76,257	603,665	7,411	351,995
Maryland	3,749,775	2,732,073	757,638	233,282	2,795,170	37,762	887,818
Massachusetts	3,420,126	3,045,333	916,355	346,344	3,478,968	5,401	1,854,828
Michigan	5,340,744	4,780,797	996,040	488,832	3,796,292	169,934	1,550,443
Minnesota	2,369,753	2,559,350	588,746	334,927	3,385,649	195,484	1,079,654
Mississippi	1,292,495	1,200,486	430,578	149,111	1,486,059	45,123	510,268
Missouri	2,845,687	2,639,116	744,290	336,742	3,027,529	241,252	1,175,200
Montana	477,832	561,957	167,180	101,810	601,171	111,461	292,362
Nebraska	834,537	880,375	257,184	175,186	1,225,408	363,155	463,276
Nevada	2,493,304	1,060,333	556,280	90,009	928,923	9,162	518,418
New Hampshire	521,674	577,949	146,432	62,355	583,913	3,830	350,476
New Jersey	6,260,513	3,322,772	2,086,883	352,840	3,704,874	4,436	2,061,707
New Mexico	1,082,577	823,238	287,743	83,525	833,118	32,897	331,102
New York	10,773,482	6,384,039	3,284,658	537,354	7,595,348	58,792	5,380,070
North Carolina	4,059,964	4,427,188	1,177,152	432,760	4,271,535	77,358	1,480,381
North Dakota	248,507	366,573	117,137	97,866	311,198	163,736	205,986
Ohio	4,209,036	4,117,370	1,232,384	502,066	4,101,101	217,598	1,788,555
Oklahoma	1,808,805	1,761,994	530,239	224,312	2,399,783	223,117	795,450
Oregon	2,407,477	1,479,046	495,327	161,689	1,404,023	101,599	742,441
Pennsylvania	5,300,619	5,549,252	1,541,771	631,263	4,669,184	131,429	2,453,166
Rhode Island	707,755	419,736	131,020	41,395	611,663	558	255,128
South Carolina	3,788,510	2,188,104	682,995	198,262	2,766,131	23,916	858,520
South Dakota	308,408	486,996	113,366	101,184	438,958	184,038	233,916
Tennessee	3,023,175	2,922,142	796,220	367,777	3,117,084	197,207	1,174,982
Texas	17,476,787	14,499,749	5,785,010	1,462,020	16,100,322	512,646	4,915,550
Utah	1,938,902	1,175,440	434,751	146,392	1,032,286	22,775	461,228
Vermont	191,985	261,951	64,166	36,873	271,461	18,544	182,553
Virginia	4,299,130	3,444,767	859,609	312,893	3,567,528	100,519	1,191,989
Washington	3,901,003	2,596,961	872,802	282,483	2,814,177	102,395	1,272,844
West Virginia	716,407	757,911	162,002	67,914	563,018	20,747	271,511
Wisconsin	1,977,453	2,155,521	613,999	396,211	2,091,920	244,218	1,027,496
Wyoming	210,907	333,706	83,307	56,360	341,964	40,323	151,221
United States	$179,415,337	$138,056,376	$49,063,373	$14,720,676	$152,347,825	$5,884,236	$61,198,658

(1) Includes some state funds. Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Direct Premiums Written, Property/Casualty Insurance, By State By Line, 2023 (1) (Cont'd)

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($000)

State	Aircraft	Earthquake	Federal flood	Credit	Warranty	Accident and health
Alabama	$29,569	$13,743	$29,061	$47,356	$13,912	$117,898
Alaska	70,334	56,092	705	5,198	2,542	12,923
Arizona	88,068	26,439	13,825	26,676	29,244	125,320
Arkansas	39,145	58,443	8,298	21,713	11,028	56,933
California	286,026	2,501,084	133,746	201,493	183,438	794,280
Colorado	101,426	20,768	11,708	53,525	41,802	122,941
Connecticut	40,808	12,487	36,821	38,206	14,428	82,892
Delaware	22,221	2,278	14,825	22,927	21,761	112,455
D.C.	8,163	5,877	1,042	37,102	23	90,093
Florida	239,123	65,188	1,141,073	212,289	839,565	381,670
Georgia	103,623	31,175	42,981	77,144	7,743	228,803
Hawaii	13,676	31,302	35,098	9,546	2,517	13,258
Idaho	24,118	10,584	3,919	11,033	6,057	19,273
Illinois	101,896	127,419	20,794	92,930	249,681	427,629
Indiana	42,468	59,398	11,939	45,153	55,225	426,963
Iowa	23,395	9,197	9,071	21,942	4,886	82,207
Kansas	36,007	10,524	5,262	27,338	214,365	79,574
Kentucky	14,992	59,182	12,540	43,518	7,262	88,904
Louisiana	50,202	9,833	274,487	36,813	7,050	92,889
Maine	8,265	3,115	6,764	8,051	6,593	19,265
Maryland	35,730	19,515	23,787	26,024	16,227	84,267
Massachusetts	32,481	55,060	54,526	60,758	56,591	127,868
Michigan	53,302	14,714	12,606	63,504	595,583	192,329
Minnesota	53,335	8,569	5,192	26,853	22,712	87,525
Mississippi	21,046	30,270	40,094	25,133	5,400	67,720
Missouri	32,609	146,238	15,610	45,953	94,268	179,463
Montana	24,941	10,752	2,769	1,806	970	23,334
Nebraska	26,313	3,550	5,100	7,632	4,205	94,056
Nevada	56,047	71,299	5,994	8,669	3,175	39,371
New Hampshire	14,124	5,186	6,592	13,581	5,171	27,970
New Jersey	30,200	39,517	163,945	98,336	41,268	205,661
New Mexico	14,376	5,722	6,863	12,894	3,765	35,982
New York	94,704	131,319	152,791	280,821	82,570	548,417
North Carolina	68,236	25,633	82,267	63,432	46,145	179,507
North Dakota	15,185	971	4,223	2,530	694	12,535
Ohio	115,440	47,450	18,811	71,364	153,098	274,753
Oklahoma	32,802	19,433	6,422	28,785	10,920	67,562
Oregon	44,433	189,290	15,238	14,726	7,315	79,786
Pennsylvania	63,583	37,478	46,420	75,700	57,602	359,125
Rhode Island	12,507	4,546	10,330	6,667	3,732	17,727
South Carolina	25,409	69,430	107,032	31,652	11,939	93,271
South Dakota	12,780	1,136	2,163	12,835	2,253	16,064
Tennessee	63,644	134,143	20,302	58,010	22,097	171,081
Texas	319,915	77,228	413,632	493,271	155,370	616,635
Utah	48,806	138,366	4,022	18,719	79,690	55,560
Vermont	3,686	1,917	4,129	3,463	804	19,938
Virginia	87,320	32,330	49,792	70,207	30,022	134,003
Washington	58,041	420,752	22,136	35,714	148,106	91,288
West Virginia	5,332	3,009	10,890	7,455	4,792	35,195
Wisconsin	36,611	13,447	7,638	30,289	43,201	156,060
Wyoming	11,409	7,676	1,281	5,313	1,367	21,601
United States	$2,857,871	$4,880,071	$3,136,556	$2,742,050	$3,430,173	$7,491,827

(1) Includes some state funds. Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Direct Premiums Written, Property/Casualty Insurance, By State By Line, 2023 (1) (Cont'd)

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($000)

State	Multiple peril crop	Private crop	Mortgage guaranty	Miscellaneous	Private flood
Alabama	$110,131	$1,014	$32,836	$65,559	$15,777
Alaska	94	0	1,858	17,819	2,753
Arizona	147,887	2,974	20,776	156,191	19,241
Arkansas	257,204	41,819	14,374	36,895	6,778
California	783,616	25,584	117,425	517,905	136,120
Colorado	327,549	24,177	49,246	143,726	20,136
Connecticut	8,894	9	9,073	72,792	19,129
Delaware	14,738	112	2,025	21,768	4,771
D.C.	0	0	56,828	18,869	4,967
Florida	232,517	550	174,168	446,412	258,530
Georgia	283,462	4,434	59,387	206,364	27,009
Hawaii	2,603	0	2,531	19,005	14,805
Idaho	164,419	16,651	3,703	38,393	4,295
Illinois	1,057,083	167,058	53,151	247,549	38,704
Indiana	577,653	46,875	22,210	119,118	19,445
Iowa	1,351,517	154,467	9,757	52,000	6,570
Kansas	1,259,313	72,195	12,230	45,963	5,766
Kentucky	234,720	8,014	6,916	49,349	11,361
Louisiana	188,088	8,450	27,737	60,866	34,071
Maine	14,981	0	2,476	19,027	3,006
Maryland	45,426	165	24,970	157,220	14,736
Massachusetts	6,029	4	49,299	116,367	34,919
Michigan	289,908	8,431	61,359	191,635	18,742
Minnesota	1,049,398	155,676	47,757	149,836	9,733
Mississippi	189,095	7,578	31,924	26,513	11,223
Missouri	591,229	44,623	69,904	96,580	14,104
Montana	343,236	498	2,880	15,485	3,501
Nebraska	984,726	409,457	10,503	34,143	4,723
Nevada	155,110	1,370	7,063	78,405	8,219
New Hampshire	604	4	4,880	28,870	3,795
New Jersey	7,914	0	54,252	164,233	76,600
New Mexico	181,573	2,468	7,681	30,334	4,079
New York	103,965	213	161,087	199,802	110,714
North Carolina	371,513	3,885	31,044	182,177	30,790
North Dakota	1,505,435	116,693	1,091	16,123	1,777
Ohio	413,294	21,492	53,394	181,350	26,342
Oklahoma	367,040	7,068	14,086	50,965	9,360
Oregon	181,662	3,117	8,302	85,623	12,873
Pennsylvania	79,380	1,381	39,688	194,997	44,932
Rhode Island	202	0	45,655	17,464	5,796
South Carolina	139,007	350	12,405	91,332	32,551
South Dakota	1,195,972	75,288	2,259	13,773	1,290
Tennessee	132,996	3,243	18,084	104,893	18,217
Texas	1,980,925	58,736	136,805	534,508	148,309
Utah	50,003	287	13,260	76,752	7,329
Vermont	5,068	2	719	11,099	1,814
Virginia	107,087	1,391	43,568	164,351	21,828
Washington	336,282	15,079	48,328	173,268	20,830
West Virginia	4,345	15	3,253	17,215	6,004
Wisconsin	391,709	21,257	17,380	105,991	11,941
Wyoming	60,383	2,135	407	9,036	1,457
United States	$18,286,986	$1,536,290	$1,701,995	$5,675,912	$1,371,762

(1) Includes some state funds. Source: NAIC data, sourced from S&P Global Market Intelligence, Insurance Information Institute.

Auto

Costs/Expenditures

Average Expenditures For Auto Insurance By State, 2017-2021

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	2021					2020			Average expenditure
State	Liability	Collision	Compre- hensive	Average expenditure	Rank (1)	Average expenditure	Rank (1)	Average expenditure percent change 2020-2021	2019	2018	2017
Alabama	$521.19	$378.23	$188.19	$926.43	26	$917.61	25	1.0%	$927.51	$906.76	$857.56
Alaska	563.16	404.04	155.04	978.96	21	967.26	22	1.2	991.00	965.45	931.43
Arizona	659.15	322.82	219.29	1,073.30	17	1,041.34	18	3.1	1,065.01	1,048.98	997.63
Arkansas	467.27	373.62	248.44	886.29	33	878.37	33	0.9	900.36	901.11	849.38
California	603.68	510.02	99.11	1,046.74	18	1,047.94	17	-0.1	1,051.82	1,025.07	965.05
Colorado	694.04	327.88	326.39	1,190.21	13	1,171.61	13	1.6	1,175.48	1,133.09	1,052.58
Connecticut	789.56	408.95	143.54	1,243.06	11	1,228.10	11	1.2	1,266.79	1,217.06	1,168.87
Delaware	856.76	351.70	143.19	1,258.20	10	1,250.55	9	0.6	1,286.99	1,289.62	1,224.85
D.C.	790.75	543.86	224.81	1,434.53	3	1,411.30	4	1.6	1,439.99	1,429.39	1,336.73
Florida	1,014.88	340.01	162.78	1,431.56	4	1,369.13	6	4.6	1,414.27	1,427.17	1,353.35
Georgia	833.02	413.29	186.44	1,268.34	8	1,254.06	8	1.1	1,264.81	1,218.43	1,134.31
Hawaii	449.72	371.27	107.30	817.98	38	807.76	38	1.3	839.70	829.01	804.05
Idaho	424.10	275.23	149.12	741.54	48	724.63	48	2.3	739.88	722.02	679.02
Illinois	494.52	355.02	152.01	918.72	28	914.31	27	0.5	940.92	919.14	899.68
Indiana	429.30	284.64	144.51	767.57	45	765.81	44	0.2	780.69	771.04	747.97
Iowa	343.23	257.24	241.15	725.30	49	707.69	49	2.5	708.56	700.67	675.85
Kansas	417.15	279.76	293.78	815.46	40	792.93	40	2.8	817.88	806.96	768.41
Kentucky	580.97	288.96	170.45	902.01	29	908.38	29	-0.7	947.49	951.85	910.98
Louisiana	973.75	452.43	256.61	1,500.38	2	1,493.17	1	0.5	1,560.00	1,549.82	1,449.44
Maine	374.24	294.15	126.53	712.97	50	703.99	50	1.3	696.52	687.26	668.06
Maryland	717.65	417.14	168.87	1,198.40	12	1,199.37	12	-0.1	1,231.51	1,211.69	1,143.99
Massachusetts	643.74	439.94	151.68	1,165.14	14	1,169.84	14	-0.4	1,182.69	1,167.16	1,136.60
Michigan	785.92	456.36	173.72	1,306.32	7	1,420.66	3	-8.0	1,498.59	1,446.43	1,361.65
Minnesota	481.89	277.97	226.33	891.63	32	880.81	32	1.2	892.05	873.48	840.55
Mississippi	552.49	368.69	251.82	1,004.03	20	978.84	20	2.6	977.79	973.74	933.02
Missouri	513.00	317.58	232.67	929.44	25	908.57	28	2.3	933.54	917.40	872.16
Montana	427.13	294.17	313.40	846.15	37	834.32	37	1.4	836.46	825.90	784.87
Nebraska	418.30	283.00	281.71	816.44	39	795.35	39	2.7	807.44	797.43	768.08
Nevada	906.72	356.40	118.31	1,264.70	9	1,245.43	10	1.5	1,292.58	1,262.24	1,143.54
New Hampshire	429.82	325.59	125.38	852.14	36	848.30	35	0.5	864.76	847.79	824.77
New Jersey	911.48	422.70	140.14	1,365.71	6	1,332.29	7	2.5	1,390.44	1,379.68	1,351.08
New Mexico	549.29	308.39	214.98	892.51	31	903.87	30	-1.3	932.65	915.74	871.02
New York	969.47	476.58	188.89	1,511.04	1	1,438.50	2	5.0	1,446.14	1,425.22	1,351.00
North Carolina	400.69	346.86	162.24	780.19	43	752.65	45	3.7	753.94	739.49	693.13
North Dakota	299.99	275.01	248.56	691.50	51	691.37	51	0.0	703.66	687.91	662.12
Ohio	422.07	293.65	136.49	776.24	44	780.78	42	-0.6	806.07	802.02	784.51
Oklahoma	484.29	335.20	275.17	896.01	30	887.55	31	1.0	913.63	920.32	898.50
Oregon	643.87	269.52	111.44	947.47	24	951.46	23	-0.4	990.24	990.24	962.41
Pennsylvania	518.22	374.29	178.76	968.38	22	968.94	21	-0.1	996.56	995.42	966.22
Rhode Island	925.85	503.16	159.47	1,422.42	5	1,387.92	5	2.5	1,382.17	1,350.00	1,300.75
South Carolina	731.22	319.51	220.03	1,141.03	15	1,111.43	15	2.7	1,115.78	1,097.80	1,025.21
South Dakota	331.05	256.15	371.52	767.49	46	738.29	47	4.0	745.21	723.35	696.34
Tennessee	472.13	350.83	177.73	869.86	34	854.24	34	1.8	864.94	858.37	823.28
Texas	627.25	424.72	291.05	1,123.12	16	1,085.40	16	3.5	1,143.91	1,152.46	1,096.92
Utah	609.64	307.15	130.64	951.67	23	936.73	24	1.6	954.53	941.12	891.07
Vermont	360.57	330.23	155.00	780.45	42	784.32	41	-0.5	783.69	777.86	762.55
Virginia	485.95	323.24	151.39	863.84	35	845.25	36	2.2	858.75	855.55	821.42
Washington	667.24	317.99	125.18	1,029.92	19	1,035.25	19	-0.5	1,068.26	1,035.59	994.89
West Virginia	489.04	345.76	229.73	918.91	27	914.53	26	0.5	939.04	938.77	914.16
Wisconsin	400.94	248.24	175.05	757.50	47	747.67	46	1.3	767.65	756.05	732.46
Wyoming	347.07	286.94	364.35	790.21	41	769.24	43	2.7	776.95	765.80	744.49
United States	$632.33	$377.33	$179.84	$1,061.54		$1,046.37		1.4%	$1,071.74	$1,058.10	$1,008.35

(1) Ranked highest to lowest by average expenditure. Note: Average expenditure=Total written premium/liability car years. A car year is equal to 365 days of insured coverage for a single vehicle. The NAIC does not rank state average expenditures and does not endorse any conclusion drawn from these data. Source: National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC). Further reprint or distribution strictly prohibited without written permission of NAIC.

Auto Insurance Affordability

Average Auto Insurance Expenditures As A Percent of Median Household Income, 2018 (1)

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Rank	State	Percent	Rank	State	Percent
1	Louisiana	3.09%	27	Oregon	1.43%
2	Florida	2.61	28	Montana	1.43
3	Michigan	2.43	29	Maryland	1.41
4	Mississippi	2.27	30	Alaska	1.40
5	Georgia	2.17	31	North Carolina	1.38
6	Rhode Island	2.14	32	Massachusetts	1.35
7	New York	2.12	33	Illinois	1.31
8	Nevada	2.04	34	Washington	1.30
9	Delaware	1.99	35	Ohio	1.29
10	Texas	1.93	36	Indiana	1.28
11	New Mexico	1.90	37	Kansas	1.26
12	South Carolina	1.90	38	Idaho	1.23
13	New Jersey	1.87	39	Minnesota	1.22
14	West Virginia	1.86	40	Utah	1.22
15	Arkansas	1.81	41	Wyoming	1.22
16	Alabama	1.81	42	Wisconsin	1.21
17	Kentucky	1.72	43	South Dakota	1.21
18	Arizona	1.68	44	Nebraska	1.18
19	Oklahoma	1.68	45	Maine	1.17
20	DC	1.67	46	Virginia	1.11
21	Connecticut	1.67	47	Vermont	1.11
22	Colorado	1.55	48	Hawaii	1.04
23	Pennsylvania	1.54	49	New Hampshire	1.04
24	Tennessee	1.53	50	North Dakota	1.03
25	Missouri	1.48	51	Iowa	1.02
26	California	1.47		Total U.S.	1.67%

(1) Data are for IRC's affordability index based on average auto insurance expenditures published by the National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC) (see charts here) and median household income from the U.S. Census Bureau. Source: Auto Insurance Affordability: Countrywide Trends and State Comparisons, Insurance Research Council.

High-Risk Markets

Estimated Percentage of Uninsured Motorists by State, 2017-2022 (1)

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State	2017	2018	2019	2020	2021	2022	Rank (2)
Alabama	15.3%	15.3%	14.9%	15.2%	15.3%	14.2%	20
Alaska	9.0	9.8	10.0	9.7	9.3	11.3	29
Arizona	9.4	9.3	9.3	11.3	12.3	11.9	27
Arkansas	15.0	14.2	12.6	13.9	14.5	15.1	18
California	14.0	14.7	13.4	17.8	18.0	17.0	11
Colorado	14.4	15.6	14.8	19.0	18.7	17.5	9
Connecticut	8.5	7.9	8.2	11.0	11.9	10.4	33
Delaware	15.0	14.5	12.8	13.8	19.2	18.1	8
D.C.	17.4	15.9	16.8	26.8	27.3	25.2	1
Florida (3)	17.6	17.9	18.8	19.5	17.3	15.9	15
Georgia	13.9	13.4	13.4	16.8	17.9	18.1	7
Hawaii	7.4	8.3	8.2	10.0	11.9	10.9	31
Idaho	8.8	7.7	6.9	5.6	5.5	6.2	49
Illinois	13.7	13.6	13.8	18.6	16.5	16.3	13
Indiana	11.1	10.5	10.5	12.8	13.8	13.9	21
Iowa	9.1	7.2	7.4	9.7	9.8	9.9	35
Kansas	7.8	6.8	6.7	9.7	8.9	8.0	44
Kentucky	15.6	15.4	15.1	19.7	20.4	18.7	6
Louisiana	10.8	11.3	11.1	12.1	12.4	13.7	23
Maine	5.5	5.0	5.7	6.1	5.1	6.2	50
Maryland	12.7	11.5	11.8	15.5	15.7	15.1	17
Massachusetts	4.9	4.8	4.9	6.6	7.9	8.8	40
Michigan	20.3	18.5	21.7	25.7	20.1	19.6	5
Minnesota	7.6	7.4	7.4	10.4	10.0	8.7	42
Mississippi	19.6	20.1	19.5	21.7	21.6	22.2	3
Missouri	13.4	14.0	13.4	17.8	16.9	16.0	14
Montana	13.8	10.2	9.7	9.4	10.6	8.8	39
Nebraska	6.1	6.1	6.1	6.9	8.3	7.8	46
Nevada	9.0	10.1	9.0	9.8	9.8	8.8	41
New Hampshire	6.8	7.6	6.2	8.9	8.1	7.8	47
New Jersey	7.8	7.7	7.8	9.8	11.1	10.9	30
New Mexico	19.3	18.6	18.5	22.3	22.4	24.9	2
New York	5.8	5.2	4.4	6.8	9.4	10.8	32
North Carolina	7.2	7.4	7.3	9.3	9.9	10.3	34
North Dakota	6.0	6.5	4.0	4.7	6.3	7.9	45
Ohio	13.0	11.7	12.0	16.7	17.3	17.1	10
Oklahoma	14.1	15.0	13.7	12.8	12.2	11.8	28
Oregon	9.4	9.5	8.9	10.7	13.1	12.3	24
Pennsylvania	7.3	6.7	6.5	9.9	10.7	9.6	37
Rhode Island	13.1	11.2	11.6	13.8	15.0	15.6	16
South Carolina	9.9	10.1	9.3	10.7	11.1	12.3	25
South Dakota	8.2	8.1	6.6	6.7	9.6	8.0	43
Tennessee	16.3	15.6	14.7	19.5	19.7	20.9	4
Texas	11.1	11.0	11.0	13.6	13.4	13.8	22
Utah	5.7	6.3	6.0	6.8	7.2	7.3	48
Vermont	7.0	6.2	4.4	5.7	9.1	9.7	36
Virginia	9.4	9.1	9.0	12.5	12.9	12.1	26
Washington	13.2	12.3	11.2	13.1	15.6	16.5	12
West Virginia	10.0	9.4	9.5	9.7	8.5	8.9	38
Wisconsin	13.2	12.7	12.3	16.1	15.3	15.1	19
Wyoming	15.3	4.2	6.3	7.1	5.8	5.9	51

(1) Percentage of uninsured drivers, as measured by the ratio of uninsured motorists (UM) claims to bodily injury (BI) claims frequencies. (2) Rank is on 2022 percentage of uninsured motorists, calculated from unrounded data. (3) In Florida, compulsory auto laws apply to personal injury protection (PIP) and physical damage, but not to third party bodily injury coverage. Source: Insurance Research Council.

Laws

Automobile Financial Responsibility Limits By State

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(As of December 2023)

State	Insurance required	Minimum liability limits (1)
Alabama	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25
Alaska	BI & PD Liability	50/100/25
Arizona	BI & PD Liability	25/50/15
Arkansas	BI & PD Liability, PIP	25/50/25
California	BI & PD Liability	15/30/5 (2)
Colorado	BI & PD Liability	25/50/15
Connecticut	BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM	25/50/25
Delaware	BI & PD Liability, PIP	25/50/10
DC	BI & PD Liability, UM	25/50/10
Florida	PD Liability, PIP	10/20/10
Georgia	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25
Hawaii	BI & PD Liability, PIP	20/40/10
Idaho	BI & PD Liability	25/50/15
Illinois	BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM	25/50/20
Indiana	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25
Iowa	BI & PD Liability	20/40/15
Kansas	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM	25/50/15
Kentucky	BI & PD Liability, PIP	25/50/25 (3)
Louisiana	BI & PD Liability	15/30/25
Maine	BI & PD Liability, MED, UM, UIM	50/100/25 (3)
Maryland	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM	30/60/15 (3)
Massachusetts	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM	20/40/5
Michigan	BI & PD Liability, PIP	250/500/10 (4)
Minnesota	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM	30/60/10
Mississippi	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25
Missouri	BI & PD Liability, UM	25/50/25
Montana	BI & PD Liability	25/50/20
Nebraska	BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM	25/50/25
Nevada	BI & PD Liability	25/50/20
New Hampshire	FR Only	25/50/25
New Jersey	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM	25/50/25 (5)
New Mexico	BI & PD Liability	25/50/10
New York	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM	25/50/10 (6)
North Carolina	BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM	30/60/25
North Dakota	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM	25/50/25
Ohio	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25
Oklahoma	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25
Oregon	BI & PD Liability, PIP, UM, UIM	25/50/20
Pennsylvania	BI & PD Liability, PIP	15/30/5
Rhode Island	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25 (3)
South Carolina	BI & PD Liability, UM	25/50/25
South Dakota	BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM	25/50/25
Tennessee	BI & PD Liability	25/50/25
Texas	BI & PD Liability	30/60/25
Utah	BI & PD Liability, PIP	25/65/15 (3)
Vermont	BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM	25/50/10
Virginia	BI & PD Liability, UM, UIM	30/60/20 (7)
Washington	BI & PD Liability	25/50/10
West Virginia	BI & PD Liability, UM	25/50/25
Wisconsin	BI & PD Liability, UM	25/50/10
Wyoming	BI & PD Liability	25/50/20

(1) The first two numbers refer to bodily injury (BI) liability limits and the third number to property damage (PD) liability. For example, 20/40/10 means coverage up to $40,000 for all persons injured in an accident, subject to a limit of $20,000 for one individual, and $10,000 coverage for property damage. (2) Low-cost policy limits for low-income drivers in the California Automobile Assigned Risk Plan are 10/20/3. (3) Instead of policy limits, policyholders can satisfy the requirement with a combined single limit policy. Amounts vary by state. (4) Lower limits available only with state director approval. (5) Basic policy (optional) limits are 10/10/5. Uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage not available under the basic policy but uninsured and underinsured motorist coverage is required under the standard policy. Special Automobile Insurance Policy available for certain drivers which only covers emergency treatment and a $10,000 death benefit. (6) In addition, policyholders must have 50/100 for wrongful death coverage. (7) Compulsory to buy insurance or pay an uninsured motorists vehicle (UMV) fee to the state department of motor vehicles. Note: State laws regarding mandatory requirements for uninsured and underinsured motorists vary. State departments of insurance should be consulted to determine whether these coverages are compulsory. Source: State departments of insurance, Excerpted from Automobile Financial Responsibility Laws and Uninsured/Underinsured Motorist and Umbrella Coverage Requirements, property of American Property Casualty Insurers Association.

Homeowners

High-Risk Markets

Insurance Provided by Fair Plans By State, Fiscal Year 2023 (1)

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	Number of policies
State	Habitational	Commercial	Total	Exposure (2) ($000)	Direct premiums written ($000)
California	311,456	9,136	320,592	$278,388,720	$867,783
Connecticut	1,284	47	1,331	269,989	1,654
Delaware	1,087	60	1,147	213,763	536
D.C.	115	11	126	51,640	131
Florida (3)	1,528,517	13,799	1,542,316	552,759,992	5,070,988
Georgia	8,558	549	9,107	1,754,733	13,951
Hawaii (4)	1,995	N/A	1,995	742,893	4,639
Illinois	1,755	51	1,806	296,551	3,504
Indiana	692	26	718	117,452	1,940
Iowa	955	15	970	59,776	898
Kansas	11,666	164	11,830	809,587	7,343
Kentucky	4,373	189	4,562	205,055	2,474
Louisiana (3)	172,994	11,175	184,169	46,072,483	618,060
Maryland	622	44	666	247,301	658
Massachusetts	194,378	193	194,571	98,009,485	339,568
Michigan	15,532	259	15,791	2,354,177	11,815
Minnesota	3,690	83	3,773	450,491	3,621
Mississippi (4)	2,501	0	2,501	149,625	1,864
Missouri	2,001	98	2,099	178,261	2,069
New Jersey	7,074	168	7,242	1,101,744	5,050
New Mexico	6,354	224	6,578	921,574	5,462
New York	19,376	1,311	20,687	7,447,000	28,314
North Carolina	219,770	8,028	227,798	43,561,755	206,262
Ohio	11,313	268	11,581	4,213,138	13,246
Oregon	1,923	108	2,031	502,312	1,960
Pennsylvania	8,946	816	9,762	1,111,612	4,709
Rhode Island	13,424	105	13,529	5,151,569	27,144
Texas (4)	79,401	0	79,401	16,275,783	113,460
Virginia	21,248	458	21,706	3,989,731	17,342
Washington	187	61	248	100,908	512
West Virginia	235	33	268	21,780	195
Wisconsin	4,035	114	4,149	551,664	2,825
Total	2,657,457	47,593	2,705,050	$1,068,082,544	$7,379,977

(1) Excludes the FAIR Plans of Arkansas. (2) Exposure is the estimate of the aggregate value of all insurance in force in all FAIR Plans in all lines (except liability, where applicable, and crime) for 12 months ending September through December.
(3) Citizens Property Insurance Corporation, which combined the FAIR and Beach Plans. (4) The Hawaii, Mississippi and Texas FAIR Plans do not offer a commercial policy.

Source: Property Insurance Plans Service Office (PIPSO).

Costs/Expenditures

Average Premiums for Homeowners and Renters Insurance by State, 2021 (1)

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	Homeowners		Renters			Homeowners		Renters
State	Average premium (2)	Rank (3)	Average premium (4)	Rank (3)	State	Average premium (2)	Rank (3)	Average premium (4)	Rank (3)
Alabama	1,610	12	222	3	Montana	1,471	15	154	31
Alaska	1,067	35	184	8	Nebraska	1,684	9	141	46
Arizona	917	46	160	25	Nevada	863	48	175	14
Arkansas	1,611	11	206	5	New Hampshire	1,090	34	145	42
California (5)	1,403	20	177	13	New Jersey	1,309	23	151	34
Colorado	1,802	6	159	27	New Mexico	1,229	30	175	14
Connecticut	1,651	10	171	18	New York	1,455	17	164	22
Delaware	988	44	144	44	North Carolina	1,192	33	164	22
D.C.	1,272	25	150	36	North Dakota	1,256	27	114	51
Florida	2,437	1	175	14	Ohio	920	45	160	25
Georgia	1,466	16	205	6	Oklahoma	2,155	3	221	4
Hawaii	1,299	24	172	17	Oregon	793	50	150	36
Idaho	884	47	146	40	Pennsylvania	1,014	40	147	39
Illinois	1,223	31	154	31	Rhode Island	1,900	5	178	12
Indiana	1,058	36	162	24	South Carolina	1,432	18	184	8
Iowa	1,043	37	135	47	South Dakota	1,270	26	117	50
Kansas	1,491	14	159	27	Tennessee	1,368	21	183	10
Kentucky	1,232	29	156	30	Texas (6)	2,146	4	204	7
Louisiana	2,259	2	243	2	Utah	831	49	145	42
Maine	996	42	146	40	Vermont	1,025	38	150	36
Maryland	1,238	28	152	33	Virginia	1,199	32	151	34
Massachusetts	1,712	8	168	21	Washington	1,001	41	159	27
Michigan	993	43	179	11	West Virginia	1,016	39	170	20
Minnesota	1,607	13	132	48	Wisconsin	780	51	127	49
Mississippi	1,766	7	258	1	Wyoming	1,432	18	142	45
Missouri	1,340	22	171	18	United States	$1,411		$170

(1) Includes state funds, residual markets and some wind pools. (2) Based on the HO-3 homeowner package policy for owner-occupied dwellings, 1 to 4 family units. Provides all risks coverage (except those specifically excluded in the policy) on buildings and broad named-peril coverage on personal property, and is the most common package written. (3) Ranked from highest to lowest. States with the same premium receive the same rank. (4) Based on the HO-4 renters insurance policy for tenants. Includes broad named-peril coverage for the personal property of tenants. (5) Data provided by the California Department of Insurance. (6) Texas data were obtained from the Texas Department of Insurance. Note: Average premium=Premiums/exposure per house years. A house year is equal to 365 days of insured coverage for a single dwelling. The NAIC does not rank state average premiums and does not endorse any conclusions drawn from this data. Source: National Association of Insurance Commissioners (NAIC). Further reprint or distribution strictly prohibited without written permission of NAIC.

Natural Catastrophes By Peril

Convective storms: Tornadoes, Hail and Lightning

Tornadoes And Related Deaths By State, 2023 (1)

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State	Tornadoes	Fatalities	Rank (2)	State	Tornadoes	Fatalities	Rank (2)
Alabama	101	9	2	Montana	4	0	36
Alaska	0	0	(3)	Nebraska	81	0	5
Arizona	4	0	36	Nevada	3	0	38
Arkansas	36	4	17	New Hampshire	2	0	41
California	12	0	30	New Jersey	13	0	28
Colorado	89	0	3	New Mexico	14	0	26
Connecticut	2	0	41	New York	13	0	28
Delaware	5	1	33	North Carolina	14	0	26
D.C.	0	0	(3)	North Dakota	5	0	33
Florida	47	0	13	Ohio	56	0	9
Georgia	58	1	8	Oklahoma	48	2	12
Hawaii	0	0	(3)	Oregon	2	0	41
Idaho	5	0	33	Pennsylvania	26	0	20
Illinois	136	4	1	Rhode Island	2	0	41
Indiana	51	6	11	South Carolina	18	0	24
Iowa	73	0	7	South Dakota	17	0	25
Kansas	39	0	15	Tennessee	53	17	10
Kentucky	41	0	14	Texas	89	8	3
Louisiana	38	0	16	Utah	3	0	38
Maine	1	0	47	Vermont	2	0	41
Maryland	2	0	41	Virginia	8	0	31
Massachusetts	8	0	31	Washington	3	0	38
Michigan	19	2	23	West Virginia	0	0	48
Minnesota	25	0	21	Wisconsin	20	0	22
Mississippi	81	24	5	Wyoming	27	0	18
Missouri	27	5	18	United States (4)	1,423	83

(1) Numbers include preliminary estimates as of January 2024. Ranked by total number of tornadoes. (2) States with the same number of tornadoes receive the same ranking. (3) State had no tornadoes in 2023. (4) The U.S. total will not match data used in other charts because it counts tornadoes that cross state lines. Source: U.S. Department of Commerce, Storm Prediction Center, National Weather Service.

Crime

Cybercrime and Identity Theft

Identity Theft By State, 2023

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State	Reports per 100,000 population (1)	Number of reports	Rank (2), (3)	State	Reports per 100,000 population (1)	Number of reports	Rank (2), (3)
Alabama	245	12,228	18	Nebraska	137	2,673	38
Alaska	114	839	46	Nevada	404	12,362	3
Arizona	262	18,539	16	New Hampshire	138	1,892	37
Arkansas	169	5,071	28	New Jersey	283	26,136	14
California	304	119,929	10	New Mexico	134	2,825	39
Colorado	222	12,729	23	New York	256	51,484	17
Connecticut	384	13,848	4	North Carolina	243	25,142	19
Delaware	359	3,523	5	North Dakota	118	913	45
Florida	438	93,547	2	Ohio	294	34,616	12
Georgia	457	48,606	1	Oklahoma	153	6,032	32
Hawaii	122	1,773	43	Oregon	177	7,444	26
Idaho	123	2,223	42	Pennsylvania	314	40,778	8
Illinois	307	39,314	9	Rhode Island	216	2,357	24
Indiana	176	11,870	27	South Carolina	294	14,931	12
Iowa	141	4,468	35	South Dakota	94	833	50
Kansas	150	4,405	33	Tennessee	185	12,709	25
Kentucky	119	5,340	44	Texas	350	101,002	7
Louisiana	275	12,816	15	Utah	165	5,345	29
Maine	126	1,714	40	Vermont	97	620	49
Maryland	298	18,327	11	Virginia	224	19,211	22
Massachusetts	351	24,540	6	Washington	165	12,582	29
Michigan	235	23,621	20	West Virginia	110	1,977	47
Minnesota	142	8,063	34	Wisconsin	141	8,301	35
Mississippi	225	6,663	21	Wyoming	106	609	48
Missouri	161	9,873	31	D.C.	478	3,268
Montana	126	1,354	40	Puerto Rico	51	1,690

(1) Population figures are based on the 2019 U.S. Census population estimates. (2) States ranked per complaints per 100,000 population. States with the same number of complaints per 100,000 population receive the same rank. (3) Excludes the District of Columbia and Puerto Rico. Source: Federal Trade Commission, Consumer Sentinel Network.

Motor Vehicles

Crashes

Motor Vehicle Traffic Deaths By State, 2021-2022

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	Number of deaths				Number of deaths
State	2021	2022	Percent change	State	2021	2022	Percent change
Alabama	983	988	1%	Montana	239	213	-11%
Alaska	70	82	17	Nebraska	221	244	10
Arizona	1,192	1,302	9	Nevada	385	416	8
Arkansas	692	643	-7	New Hampshire	118	146	24
California	4,513	4,428	-2	New Jersey	692	685	-1
Colorado	691	764	11	New Mexico	483	466	-4
Connecticut	303	359	18	New York	1,156	1,175	2
Delaware	136	162	19	North Carolina	1,693	1,630	-4
D.C.	41	32	-22	North Dakota	101	98	-3
Florida	3,741	3,530	-6	Ohio	1,354	1,275	-6
Georgia	1,809	1,797	-1	Oklahoma	762	710	-7
Hawaii	94	116	23	Oregon	599	601	0
Idaho	273	215	-21	Pennsylvania	1,230	1,179	-4
Illinois	1,334	1,268	-5	Rhode Island	63	52	-17
Indiana	932	949	2	South Carolina	1,198	1,094	-9
Iowa	356	338	-5	South Dakota	148	137	-7
Kansas	423	410	-3	Tennessee	1,327	1,314	-1
Kentucky	806	744	-8	Texas	4,500	4,408	-2
Louisiana	971	906	-7	Utah	332	319	-4
Maine	153	182	19	Vermont	74	76	3
Maryland	563	564	0	Virginia	973	1,008	4
Massachusetts	413	434	5	Washington	674	733	9
Michigan	1,137	1,124	-1	West Virginia	282	264	-6
Minnesota	488	444	-9	Wisconsin	620	596	-4
Mississippi	766	703	-8	Wyoming	110	134	22
Missouri	1,016	1,057	4	United States	43,230	42,514	-2%

Source: U.S. Department of Transportation, National Highway Traffic Safety Administration.

Theft

Motor Vehicle Thefts By State, 2022 (1)

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State	Motor vehicle theft incidents (2)	Percent of population covered by reporting law enforcement agencies (3)	State	Motor vehicle theft incidents (2)	Percent of population covered by reporting law enforcement agencies (3)
Alabama	8,757	89%	Montana	2,509	98%
Alaska	637	60	Nebraska	2,021	72
Arizona	7,667	62	Nevada	15,654	99
Arkansas	7,436	98	New Hampshire	902	98
California	65,464	54	New Jersey	9,393	63
Colorado	45,599	99	New Mexico	10,859	88
Connecticut	7,009	98	New York	6,332	24
Delaware	1,658	98	North Carolina	20,366	97
D.C.	3,907	100	North Dakota	1,994	97
Florida	8,558	38	Ohio	26,339	94
Georgia	19,703	88	Oklahoma	12,736	100
Hawaii	4,621	100	Oregon	22,816	100
Idaho	1,734	96	Pennsylvania	14,370	38
Illinois	31,341	85	Rhode Island	1,717	99
Indiana	11,678	85	South Carolina	12,726	99
Iowa	4,285	93	South Dakota	2,114	88
Kansas	6,204	90	Tennessee	25,562	100
Kentucky	9,486	99	Texas	98,026	99
Louisiana	8,128	74	Utah	6,631	96
Maine	980	95	Vermont	595	96
Maryland	11,711	91	Virginia	13,673	100
Massachusetts	6,986	100	Washington	49,693	99
Michigan	26,155	92	West Virginia	1,383	88
Minnesota	16,540	94	Wisconsin	13,033	95
Mississippi	2,898	63	Wyoming	629	76
Missouri	30,267	97

(1) Includes the District of Columbia. Does not include a total for the United States because data in this chart is compiled on a different basis than the national totals released by the FBI. (2) Beginning in 2021, state totals comprise of incidents submitted by law enforcement agencies to the National Incident-Based Reporting System (NIBRS) (3) States have varying degrees of reporting data to the NIBRS. Percent of population covered shown. Source: U.S. Department of Justice, Federal Bureau of Investigation, Crime Data Explorer.

Causes of Death

Top 10 States By Drug Poisoning Deaths And Death Rates, 2021 (1)

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	By number of deaths				By deaths per 100,000 people
Rank	State	Number of of deaths	Deaths per 100,000 people (2)	Rank	State	Number of of deaths	Deaths per 100,000 people
1	California	10,901	26.6	1	West Virginia	1,501	90.9
2	Florida	7,827	37.5	2	District of Columbia	3,813	56.6
3	New York	5,842	28.7	3	Kentucky	2,463	55.9
4	Pennsylvania	5,449	43.2	4	Delaware	2,381	55.6
5	Ohio	5,397	48.1	5	Ohio	513	54.0
6	Texas	4,984	16.8	6	Tennessee	1,052	51.6
7	North Carolina	3,981	39.2	7	Maryland	5,397	48.1
8	Tennessee	3,813	56.6	8	Louisana	611	47.1
9	Illinois	3,762	29.0	9	Pennsylvania	5,449	43.2
10	Michigan	3,089	31.5	10	Maine	2,811	43.0

(1) Drug overdose caused by prescription and illegal drugs. Source: Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Health Services.