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Top 10 Costliest U.S. Earthquakes By Inflation-Adjusted Insured Losses (1)
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($ millions)

        Insured losses (1)
Rank Date Event Location When occurred In 2024 dollars (2)
1 Jan. 17, 1994 Northridge CA $15,300 $33,035
2 Apr. 18, 1906 San Francisco CA 235 8,507
3 Oct. 18, 1989 Loma Prieta CA 960 2,413
4 Feb. 28, 2001 Nisqually WA 315 566
5 Jan. 7, 2020 Puerto Rico PR 425 520
6 Aug. 24, 2014 South Napa CA 200 274
7 Feb. 9, 1971 San Fernando CA 32 250
8 Oct. 1, 1987 Whittier Narrows CA 75 205
9 Nov. 30, 2018 Anchorage AK 150 189
10 Aug. 23, 2011 Virginia VA, DC 100 139

(1) Includes losses sustained by private insurers and government-sponsored programs such as the National Flood Insurance Program. Subject to change as loss estimates are further developed. As of January 2025.
(2) Adjusted for inflation by Aon using the U.S. Consumer Price Index.

Source: Aon.

 

Archived Tables

THE TEN MOST COSTLY U.S. EARTHQUAKES BY INFLATION-ADJUSTED INSURED LOSSES (1)
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($ millions)

        Insured losses (2)  
Rank Date Location Overall losses when occurred Dollars when occurred In 2013 dollars (3) Fatalities
1 Jan. 17, 1994 California: Northridge, Los Angeles, San Fernando Valley, Ventura, Orange $44,000 $15,300 $24,050 61
2 Apr. 18, 1906 California: San Francisco, Santa Rosa, San Jose 524 180 4,240 (4) 3,000
3 Oct. 17, 1989 California: Loma Prieta, Santa Cruz, San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Silicon Valley 10,000 960 1,800 68
4 Feb. 28, 2001 Washington: Olympia, Seattle, Tacoma; Oregon 2,000 300 395 1
5 Mar. 27-28, 1964 Alaska: Anchorage, Kodiak Island, Seward, Valdez, Portage, Whittier, Cordova, Homer, Seldovia; Hawaii; includes tsunami 540 45 340 131
6 Feb. 9, 1971 California: San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles 553 35 200 65
7 Oct. 1, 1987 California: Los Angeles, Whittier 360 75 155 8
8 Apr. 4, 2010 California: San Diego, Calexico, El Centro, Los Angeles, Imperial; Arizona: Phoenix, Yuma 150 100 105 NA
9 Sep. 3, 2000 California: Napa 80 50 68 NA
10 Jun. 28, 1992 California: San Bernardino 100 40 66 1

(1) Costliest U.S. earthquakes occurring from 1950 to 2013, based on insured losses when occurred. Includes the 1906 San Francisco, California, earthquake, for which reliable insured losses are available.
(2) Based on property losses including, if applicable, agricultural, offshore, marine, aviation and National Flood Insurance Program losses in the United States and may differ from data shown elsewhere.
(3) Inflation-adjusted to 2013 dollars by Munich Re.
(4) Inflation-adjusted to 2013 dollars based on 1913 Bureau of Labor Statistics data (earliest year available).

NA=Data not available.

Source: © 2014 Munich Re, Geo Risks Research, NatCatSERVICE.

 
TOP 10 MOST COSTLY U.S. EARTHQUAKES BY INFLATION-ADJUSTED INSURED LOSSES (1)
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($ millions)

        Insured losses (2)  
Rank Date Location Overall losses
when occurred		 Dollars
when
occurred		 In 2014
dollars (3)		 Fatalities
1 Jan. 17, 1994 California: Northridge, Los Angeles, San Fernando Valley, Ventura, Orange $44,000 $15,300 $24,440 61
2 Apr. 18, 1906 California: San Francisco, Santa Rosa, San Jose 524 180 4,300 (4) 3,000
3 Oct. 17, 1989 California: Loma Prieta, Santa Cruz, San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Silicon Valley 10,000 960 1,830 68
4 Feb. 28, 2001 Washington: Olympia, Seattle, Tacoma; Oregon 2,000 300 400 1
5 Mar. 27-28, 1964 Alaska: Anchorage, Kodiak Island, Seward, Valdez, Portage, Whittier, Cordova, Homer, Seldovia 540 45 340 131
6 Feb. 9, 1971 California: San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles 553 35 200 65
7 Oct. 1, 1987 California: Los Angeles, Whittier 360 75 160 8
8 Aug. 24, 2014 California: Napa, Vallejo, Solano, Sonoma, American Canyon 700 150 150 1
9 Apr. 4, 2010 California: San Diego, Calexico, El Centro, Los Angeles, Imperial; Arizona: Phoenix, Yuma 150 100 110 NA
10 Sep. 3, 2000 California: Napa 80 50 70 NA

(1) Costliest U.S. earthquakes occurring from 1950 to 2014, based on insured losses when occurred. Includes the 1906 San Francisco, California, earthquake, for which reliable insured losses are available.
(2) Based on property losses including, if applicable, agricultural, offshore, marine, aviation and National Flood Insurance Program losses in the United States and may differ from data shown elsewhere.
(3) Inflation-adjusted to 2014 dollars by Munich Re.
(4) Inflation-adjusted to 2014 dollars based on 1913 Bureau of Labor Statistics data (earliest year available).

NA=Data not available.

Source: © 2015 Munich Re, NatCatSERVICE.

 
Top 10 Costliest U.S. Earthquakes By Inflation-Adjusted Insured Losses (1)
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($ millions)

        Insured losses (2)  
Rank Date Location Overall losses
when occurred		 Dollars
when
occurred		 In 2015
dollars (3)		 Fatalities
1 Jan. 17, 1994 California: Northridge, Los Angeles, San Fernando
Valley, Ventura, Orange		 $44,000 $15,300 $24,470 61
2 Apr. 18, 1906 California: San Francisco, Santa Rosa, San Jose 525 180 4,310 (4) 3,000
3 Oct. 17, 1989 California: Loma Prieta, Santa Cruz, San Francisco,
Oakland, Berkeley, Silicon Valley		 10,000 960 1,830 68
4 Feb. 28, 2001 Washington: Olympia, Seattle, Tacoma; Oregon 2,000 300 400 1
5 Mar. 27-28, 1964 Alaska: Anchorage, Kodiak Island, Seward, Valdez,
Portage, Whittier, Cordova, Homer, Seldovia		 540 45 340 131
6 Feb. 9, 1971 California: San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles 550 35 200 65
7 Oct. 1, 1987 California: Los Angeles, Whittier 360 75 160 8
8 Aug. 24, 2014 California: Napa, Vallejo, Solano, Sonoma,
American Canyon		 700 150 150 1
9 Apr. 4, 2010 California: San Diego, Calexico, El Centro,
Los Angeles, Imperial; Arizona: Phoenix, Yuma		 150 100 110 0
10 Sep. 3, 2000 California: Napa 80 50 70 0

(1) Costliest U.S. earthquakes occurring from 1950 to 2015, based on insured losses when occurred. Includes the 1906 San Francisco, California, earthquake, for which reliable insured losses are available.
(2) Based on property losses including, if applicable, agricultural, offshore, marine, aviation and National Flood Insurance Program losses in the United States and may differ from data shown elsewhere.
(3) Inflation-adjusted to 2015 dollars by Munich Re.
(4) Inflation-adjusted to 2015 dollars based on 1913 Bureau of Labor Statistics data (earliest year available).

Source: © 2016 Munich Re, NatCatSERVICE.

 
Top 10 Costliest U.S. Earthquakes By Inflation-Adjusted Insured Losses (1)
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($ millions)

        Insured losses (2)  
Rank Date Location Overall losses
when occurred		 Dollars
when
occurred		 In 2016
dollars (3)		 Fatalities
1 Jan. 17, 1994 California: Northridge, Los Angeles,
San Fernando Valley, Ventura, Orange		 $44,000 $15,300 $25,223 61
2 Apr. 18, 1906 California: San Francisco, Santa Rosa,
San Jose		 525 180 4,426 (4) 3,000
3 Oct. 17, 1989 California: Loma Prieta, Santa Cruz, San Francisco,
Oakland, Berkeley, Silicon Valley		 10,000 960 1,842 68
4 Feb. 28, 2001 Washington: Olympia, Seattle, Tacoma; Oregon 2,000 300 411 1
5 Mar. 27-28, 1964 Alaska: Anchorage, Kodiak Island, Seward,
Valdez, Portage, Whittier, Cordova, Homer, Seldovia		 540 45 351 131
6 Feb. 9, 1971 California: San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles 550 35 211 65
7 Oct. 1, 1987 California: Los Angeles, Whittier 360 75 157 8
8 Aug. 24, 2014 California: Napa, Vallejo, Solano, Sonoma,
American Canyon		 700 150 152 1
9 Apr. 4, 2010 California: San Diego, Calexico, El Centro,
Los Angeles, Imperial; Arizona: Phoenix, Yuma		 150 100 111 0
10 Sep. 3, 2000 California: Napa 80 50 69 0

(1) Costliest U.S. earthquakes occurring from 1950 to 2016, based on insured losses when occurred. Includes the 1906 San Francisco, California, earthquake, for which reliable insured losses are available.
(2) Based on property losses including, if applicable, agricultural, offshore, marine, aviation and National Flood Insurance Program losses in the United States and may differ from data shown elsewhere.
(3) Inflation-adjusted to 2016 dollars by the Insurance Information Institute using the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Inflation Calculator.
(4) Inflation-adjusted to 2016 dollars based on 1913 Bureau of Labor Statistics data (earliest year available).

Source: © 2017 Munich Re, NatCatSERVICE; Insurance Information Institute.

 
Top 10 Costliest U.S. Earthquakes By Inflation-Adjusted Insured Losses (1)
Export To Excel

($ millions)

        Insured losses (2)  
Rank Date Location Overall losses
when occurred		 Dollars
when
occurred		 In 2017
dollars (3)		 Fatalities
1 Jan. 17, 1994 California: Northridge, Los Angeles,
San Fernando Valley, Ventura, Orange		 $44,000 $15,300 $25,635 61
2 Apr. 18, 1906 California: San Francisco, Santa Rosa, San Jose 525 180 4,499 (4) 3,000
3 Oct. 17, 1989 California: Loma Prieta, Santa Cruz, San Francisco,
Oakland, Berkeley, Silicon Valley		 10,000 960 1,872 68
4 Feb. 28, 2001 Washington: Olympia, Seattle, Tacoma; Oregon 2,000 300 418 1
5 Mar. 27-28, 1964 Alaska: Anchorage, Kodiak Island, Seward, Valdez,
Portage, Whittier, Cordova, Homer, Seldovia		 540 45 357 131
6 Feb. 9, 1971 California: San Fernando Valley, Los Angeles 550 35 215 65
7 Oct. 1, 1987 California: Los Angeles, Whittier 360 75 159 8
8 Aug. 24, 2014 California: Napa, Vallejo, Solano, Sonoma,
American Canyon		 700 150 154 1
9 Apr. 4, 2010 California: San Diego, Calexico, El Centro, Los Angeles,
Imperial; Arizona: Phoenix, Yuma		 150 100 112 0
10 Sep. 3, 2000 California: Napa 80 50 71 0

(1) Costliest U.S. earthquakes occurring from 1950 to 2017, based on insured losses when occurred. Includes the 1906 San Francisco, California, earthquake, for which reliable insured losses are available.
(2) Based on property losses including, if applicable, agricultural, offshore, marine, aviation and National Flood Insurance Program losses in the United States and may differ from data shown elsewhere.
(3) Inflation-adjusted to 2017 dollars by the Insurance Information Institute using the U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics' Inflation Calculator.
(4) Inflation-adjusted to 2017 dollars based on 1913 U.S. Bureau of Labor Statistics data (earliest year available).

Source: © 2018 Munich Re, NatCatSERVICE; Insurance Information Institute.

 
Top 10 Costliest U.S. Earthquakes By Inflation-Adjusted Insured Losses (1)
Export To Excel

($ millions)

        Insured losses (2)  
Rank Date Location Overall losses
when occurred		 Dollars when
occurred		 In 2018
dollars (3)		 Fatalities
1 Jan. 17, 1994 California: Northridge, Los Angeles,
San Fernando Valley, Ventura, Orange		 $44,000 $15,300 $26,373 61
2 Apr. 18, 1906 California: San Francisco, Santa Rosa, San Jose 525 180 4,628 (4) 3,000
3 Oct. 17, 1989 California: Loma Prieta, Santa Cruz,
San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Silicon Valley		 10,000 960 1,926 68
4 Feb. 28, 2001 Washington: Olympia, Seattle, Tacoma; Oregon 2,000 300 430 1
5 Oct. 1, 1987 California: Los Angeles County, Whittier 360 75 164 8
6 Aug. 24, 2014 California: Napa, Vallejo, Solano,
Sonoma, American Canyon		 700 150 159 1
7 Nov. 30, 2018 Alaska: Anchorage, Wasilla, Palmer, Tok, Valdez 150 130 130 0
8 Apr. 4, 2010 California: San Diego, Calexico, El Centro,
Los Angeles, Imperial; Arizona: Phoenix, Yuma		 150 100 116 0
9 Oct. 15, 2006 Hawaii: Big Island, Kailua Kona, Oahu, Honolulu 200 50 62 0
10 Aug. 23, 2011 Virginia: Mineral, Richmond; DC;
New York: New York; Maryland: Baltimore		 150 50 56 0

(1) Costliest U.S. earthquakes occurring from 1980 to 2018, based on insured losses when occurred. Also includes the 1906 San Francisco, California, earthquake, for which reliable insured losses are available.
(2) Based on property losses including, if applicable, agricultural, offshore, marine, aviation and National Flood Insurance Program losses and may differ from data shown elsewhere.
(3) Inflation-adjusted to 2018 dollars by the Insurance Information Institute using the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Inflation Calculator.
(4) Inflation-adjusted to 2018 dollars based on 1913 Bureau of Labor Statistics data (earliest year available).

Source: © 2019 Munich Re, NatCatSERVICE; U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; Insurance Information Institute.

 
Top 10 Costliest U.S. Earthquakes By Inflation-Adjusted Insured Losses (1)
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($ millions)

        Insured losses (2)  
Rank Date Location Overall losses
when occurred		 Dollars when
occurred		 In 2019
dollars (3)		 Fatalities
1 Jan. 17, 1994 California: Northridge, Los Angeles,
San Fernando Valley, Ventura, Orange		 $44,000 $15,300 $26,850 61
2 Apr. 18, 1906 California: San Francisco, Santa Rosa, San Jose 525 180 4,713 (4) 3,000
3 Oct. 17, 1989 California: Loma Prieta, Santa Cruz, San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Silicon Valley 10,000 960 1,961 68
4 Feb. 28, 2001 Washington: Olympia, Seattle, Tacoma; Oregon 2,000 300 438 1
5 Oct. 1, 1987 California: Los Angeles County, Whittier 360 75 167 8
6 Aug. 24, 2014 California: Napa, Vallejo, Solano, Sonoma,
American Canyon		 700 150 162 1
7 Nov. 30, 2018 Alaska: Anchorage, Wasilla, Palmer, Tok, Valdez 150 130 132 0
8 Apr. 4, 2010 California: San Diego, Calexico, El Centro,
Los Angeles, Imperial; Arizona: Phoenix, Yuma		 150 100 118 0
9 Oct. 15, 2006 Hawaii: Big Island, Kailua Kona, Oahu, Honolulu 200 50 64 0
10 Aug. 23, 2011 Virginia: Mineral, Richmond; DC;
New York: New York; Maryland: Baltimore		 150 50 57 0

(1) Costliest U.S. earthquakes occurring from 1980 to 2019, based on insured losses when occurred. Also includes the 1906 San Francisco, California, earthquake, for which reliable insured losses are available.
(2) Based on property losses including, if applicable, agricultural, offshore, marine, aviation and National Flood Insurance Program losses and may differ from data shown elsewhere.
(3) Inflation-adjusted to 2019 dollars by the Insurance Information Institute using the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Inflation Calculator.
(4) Inflation-adjusted to 2019 dollars based on 1913 Bureau of Labor Statistics data (earliest year available).

Source: © 2020 Munich Re, NatCatSERVICE; U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; Insurance Information Institute.

 
Top 10 Costliest U.S. Earthquakes By Inflation-Adjusted Insured Losses (1)
Export To Excel

($ millions)

      Insured losses (2)  
Rank Date Location Overall losses
when occurred		 Dollars when
occurred		 In 2020
dollars (3)		 Fatalities
1 Jan. 17, 1994 California: Northridge, Los Angeles, San Fernando Valley, Ventura, Orange $44,000 $15,300 $27,115 61
2 Apr. 18, 1906 California: San Francisco, Santa Rosa, San Jose 525 180 4,759 (4) 3,000
3 Oct. 17, 1989 California: Loma Prieta, Santa Cruz, San Francisco, Oakland, Berkeley, Silicon Valley 10,000 960 1,980 68
4 Feb. 28, 2001 Washington: Olympia, Seattle, Tacoma; Oregon 2,000 300 442 1
5 Oct. 1, 1987 California: Los Angeles County, Whittier 360 75 169 8
6 Aug. 24, 2014 California: Napa, Vallejo, Solano, Sonoma, American Canyon 700 150 163 1
7 Nov. 30, 2018 Alaska: Anchorage, Wasilla, Palmer, Tok, Valdez 150 130 134 0
8 Apr. 4, 2010 California: San Diego, Calexico, El Centro, Los Angeles, Imperial; Arizona: Phoenix, Yuma 150 100 119 0
9 Oct. 15, 2006 Hawaii: Big Island, Kailua Kona, Oahu, Honolulu 200 50 64 0
10 Aug. 23, 2011 Virginia: Mineral, Richmond; DC; New York: New York; Maryland: Baltimore 150 50 57 0

(1) Costliest U.S. earthquakes occurring from 1980 to 2020, based on insured losses when occurred. Also includes the 1906 San Francisco, California, earthquake, for which reliable insured losses are available.
(2) Based on property losses including, if applicable, agricultural, offshore, marine, aviation and National Flood Insurance Program losses and may differ from data shown elsewhere.
(3) Inflation-adjusted to 2020 dollars by the Insurance Information Institute using the Bureau of Labor Statistics' Inflation Calculator.
(4) Inflation-adjusted to 2020 dollars based on 1913 Bureau of Labor Statistics data (earliest year available).

Source: © 2021 Munich Re, NatCatSERVICE; U.S. Department of Labor, Bureau of Labor Statistics; Insurance Information Institute.

 
Top 10 Costliest U.S. Earthquakes By Inflation-Adjusted Insured Losses (1)
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($ millions)

        Insured losses (1)
Rank Date Event Location When occurred In 2021 dollars (2)
1 Jan. 17, 1994 Northridge CA $15,300 $28,357
2 Apr. 18, 1906 San Francisco CA 235 7,303
3 Oct. 18, 1989 Loma Prieta CA 960 2,071
4 Feb. 28, 2001 Nisqually WA 315 486
5 Jan. 7, 2020 Puerto Rico PR 425 446
6 Aug. 24, 2014 South Napa CA 200 228
7 Feb. 9, 1971 San Fernando CA 32 215
8 Oct. 1, 1987 Whittier Narrows CA 75 176
9 Nov. 30, 2018 Anchorage AK 150 161
10 Aug. 23, 2011 Virginia VA, DC 100 120

(1) Includes losses sustained by private insurers and government-sponsored programs such as the National Flood Insurance Program. Ranked on losses in 2021 dollars. Subject to change as loss estimates are further developed. As of February 1, 2022.
(2) Adjusted for inflation by Aon using the U.S. Consumer Price Index.

Source: Aon.

 
Top 10 Costliest U.S. Earthquakes By Inflation-Adjusted Insured Losses (1)
Export To Excel

($ millions)

        Insured losses (1)
Rank Date Event Location When occurred In 2022 dollars (2)
1 Jan. 17, 1994 Northridge CA $15,300 $31,218
2 Apr. 18, 1906 San Francisco CA 235 8,039
3 Oct. 18, 1989 Loma Prieta CA 960 2,280
4 Feb. 28, 2001 Nisqually WA 315 535
5 Jan. 7, 2020 Puerto Rico PR 425 491
6 Aug. 24, 2014 South Napa CA 200 251
7 Feb. 9, 1971 San Fernando CA 32 236
8 Oct. 1, 1987 Whittier Narrows CA 75 194
9 Nov. 30, 2018 Anchorage AK 150 178
10 Aug. 23, 2011 Virginia VA, DC 100 132

(1) Includes losses sustained by private insurers and government-sponsored programs such as the National Flood Insurance Program. Ranked on losses in 2022 dollars. Subject to change as loss estimates are further developed. As of January, 2023.
(2) Adjusted for inflation by Aon using the U.S. Consumer Price Index.

Source: Aon.

 
Top 10 Costliest U.S. Earthquakes By Inflation-Adjusted Insured Losses (1)
Export To Excel

($ millions)

        Insured losses (1)  
Rank Date Event Location When occurred In 2023 dollars (2)
1 Jan. 17, 1994 Northridge CA $15,300 $32,210
2 Apr. 18, 1906 San Francisco CA 235 8,295
3 Oct. 18, 1989 Loma Prieta CA 960 2,353
4 Feb. 28, 2001 Nisqually WA 315 551
5 Jan. 7, 2020 Puerto Rico PR 425 507
6 Aug. 24, 2014 South Napa CA 200 259
7 Feb. 9, 1971 San Fernando CA 32 244
8 Oct. 1, 1987 Whittier Narrows CA 75 200
9 Nov. 30, 2018 Anchorage AK 150 183
10 Aug. 23, 2011 Virginia VA, DC 100 136

(1) Includes losses sustained by private insurers and government-sponsored programs such as the National Flood Insurance Program. Ranked on losses in 2023 dollars. Subject to change as loss estimates are further developed. As of January 2024.
(2) Adjusted for inflation by Aon using the U.S. Consumer Price Index.

Source: Aon.