A Firm Foundation: How Insurance Supports the Economy

Many different programs are in place across the United States provide insurance to high-risk policyholders who may have difficulty obtaining coverage from the standard market. So called residual, shared or involuntary market programs make basic insurance coverage more readily available. Today, property insurance from the residual market is provided by Fair Access to Insurance Requirements (FAIR) Plans, Beach and Windstorm Plans, and two state-run insurance companies in Florida and Louisiana: Florida Citizens Property Insurance Corp. (CPIC) and Louisiana Citizens Property Insurance Corp. (Louisiana Citizens). Established in the late 1960s to ensure the continued provision of insurance in urban areas, FAIR Plans often provide property insurance in both urban and coastal areas, while Beach and Windstorm Plans cover predominantly wind-only risks in designated coastal areas. Hybrid plans, like Florida's and Louisiana’s plans, provide property insurance throughout those states. It is important to note that in addition to windstorm risk, these plans routinely cover a range of other exposures, such as vandalism and fire.

 

Insurance Provided by Fair Plans by State, Fiscal Year 2023 (1)

 

  Number of policies    
State Habitational Commercial Total Exposure (2)
($000)		 Direct premiums
written ($000)
California 311,456 9,136 320,592 $278,388,720 $867,783
Connecticut  1,284 47 1,331 269,989 1,654
Delaware 1,087 60 1,147 213,763 536
D.C. 115 11 126 51,640 131
Florida (3) 1,528,517 13,799 1,542,316 552,759,992 5,070,988
Georgia 8,558 549 9,107 1,754,733 13,951
Hawaii (4) 1,995 N/A 1,995 742,893 4,639
Illinois 1,755 51 1,806 296,551 3,504
Indiana 692 26 718 117,452 1,940
Iowa 955 15 970 59,776 898
Kansas 11,666 164 11,830 809,587 7,343
Kentucky 4,373 189 4,562 205,055 2,474
Louisiana (3) 172,994 11,175 184,169 46,072,483 618,060
Maryland 622 44 666 247,301 658
Massachusetts 194,378 193 194,571 98,009,485 339,568
Michigan 15,532 259 15,791 2,354,177 11,815
Minnesota 3,690 83 3,773 450,491 3,621
Mississippi (4) 2,501 0 2,501 149,625 1,864
Missouri 2,001 98 2,099 178,261 2,069
New Jersey 7,074 168 7,242 1,101,744 5,050
New Mexico 6,354 224 6,578 921,574 5,462
New York 19,376 1,311 20,687 7,447,000 28,314
North Carolina 219,770 8,028 227,798 43,561,755 206,262
Ohio 11,313 268 11,581 4,213,138 13,246
Oregon 1,923 108 2,031 502,312 1,960
Pennsylvania 8,946 816 9,762 1,111,612 4,709
Rhode Island 13,424 105 13,529 5,151,569 27,144
Texas (4) 79,401 0 79,401 16,275,783 113,460
Virginia 21,248 458 21,706 3,989,731 17,342
Washington 187 61 248 100,908 512
West Virginia 235 33 268 21,780 195
Wisconsin 4,035 114 4,149 551,664 2,825
Total 2,657,457 47,593 2,705,050 $1,068,082,544 $7,379,977

(1) Excludes the FAIR Plans of Arkansas.
(2) Exposure is the estimate of the aggregate value of all insurance in force in all FAIR Plans in all lines (except liability, where applicable, and crime) for 12 months ending September through December.
(3) Citizens Property Insurance Corporation, which combined the FAIR and Beach Plans.
(4) The Hawaii, Mississippi and Texas FAIR Plans do not offer a commercial policy.

Source: Property Insurance Plans Service Office (PIPSO). 

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Insurance Provided By Beach And Windstorm Plans, Fiscal Year 2023 (1)

 

  Number of policies    
State Habitational Commercial Total Exposure (2)
($000)		 Direct premiums
written ($000)
Alabama 18,832 38 18,870 $7,246,526 $37,866
Mississippi 13,487 287 13,774 3,259,961 42,373
North Carolina 243,323 10,931 254,254 125,704,222 597,989
South Carolina 15,320 982 16,302 7,089,560 60,126
Texas 247,965 9,193 257,158 95,677,314 653,043
Total 538,927 21,431 560,358 $238,977,583 $1,391,397

(1) The Florida and Louisiana Beach Plans merged with their FAIR Plans, see chart, Insurance Provided By FAIR Plans By State.
(2) Exposure is the estimate of the aggregate value of all insurance in force in each state’s Beach and Windstorm Plan in all lines (except liability, where applicable, and crime) for 12 months ending September through December.

Source: Property Insurance Plans Service Office (PIPSO).

View Archived Tables